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The fourth plague of Egypt was Arov. Commentaries usually render this word as flies, but some understand it to mean beasts, capable of harming people and livestock. The Torah emphasizes that the arov only came against the Egyptians, and that it did not affect the Land of Goshen (where the Hebrews lived). Pharaoh asked Moses to remove this plague and promised to allow the Israelites to worship God in the wilderness. However, after the plague was gone, Pharaoh "hardened his heart" and again refused to keep his promise.