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The Hippopotamus Defense (Nezhmetdinov vs Ujtelky, 1964)
1. e4 c6
2. d4 d5
3. Nc3 dxe4
4. Nxe4 Bf5
5. Ng3 Bg6
6. h4 h6
The opening behaves a bit like a hippo -- lying in wait below the waterline -- after Black moves most of his pawns to his third rank and most of his pieces to the second. The idea for Black is to set up a flexible defense that can adapt to whatever White tries.
More of a formation than a defense this was played by Ujtelky at the Chigorin Memorial in Sochi in 1964, defeating Nezhmetdinov in 75 moves. Ujtlelky also deployed this against Spassky (without success) at the same tournament.
Inspired by this, Spassky deployed it twice in his 1966 world championship match against Tigran Petrosian, gaining 2 draws as black.