Hilda Gadea Acosta (March 1921 - February 1974) was a Peruvian economist, Communist leader, and author. She was Che Guevara's first wife.

Hilda Gadea Acosta was the first female Secretary of the Economy of the Executive National Committee for Alianza Popular Revolucionaria Americana (APRA, American Popular Revolutionary Alliance). Her activities in Peru led to her exile in 1948. She first met Guevara in Guatemala in December 1953. Gadea and Guevara moved to Mexico due to pressure from their politics. She introduced Guevara to several Cuban rebels.