Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier (August 26, 1743 – May 8, 1794) the "father of modern chemistry," was a French nobleman prominent in the histories of chemistry, finance, biology, and economics.

He stated the first version of the Law of conservation of mass, co-discovered, recognized and named oxygen (1778) as well as hydrogen, disproved the phlogiston theory, introduced the Metric system, invented the first periodic table including 33 elements, and helped to reform chemical nomenclature. He was also an investor and administrator of the "Ferme Générale," a private tax collection company; chairman of the board of the Discount Bank (later the Banque de France); and a powerful member of a number of other aristocratic administrative councils.

Dimitri Mendeleev (Russian: Дми́трий Ива́нович Менделе́ев, Dmitriy Ivanovich Mendeleyev listen (help·info)) (8 February 1834 [O.S. 27 January] in Tobolsk – 2 February 1907 [O.S. 20 January] in Saint Petersburg), was a Russian chemist. He is credited as being the primary creator of the first version of the periodic table of elements. Unlike other contributors to the table, Mendeleev predicted the properties of elements yet to be discovered.

Juan José Elhuyar (Logroño, 1754 — Santafé de Bogotá, 1796). Químico español. Junto con su hermano Fausto logró aislar el wolframio por primera vez, hecho que aconteció en la Real Sociedad Vascongada. Su muerte se produce el 1796 en la ciudad de Bogotá, Colombia.

Maria Skłodowska-Curie (French: Marie Curie, born Maria Skłodowska, also widely known as Madame Curie; Warsaw, Russian-occupied Poland, November 7, 1867 – July 4, 1934, Sancellemoz, France) was a Polish-French physicist and chemist. She was a pioneer in the early field of radioactivity, later becoming the first two-time Nobel laureate and the only person to win Nobel Prizes in two different fields of science (physics and chemistry). She also became the first woman appointed to teach at the Sorbonne.

Paracelsus (born 11 November or 17 December 1493 in Einsiedeln, Switzerland - 24 September 1541) was an alchemist, physician, astrologer, and general occultist. Born Theophrastus Philippus Aureolus Bombastus von Hohenheim, he took the name Paracelsus later in life, meaning "beside or similar to Celsus", a Roman physician from the first century CE.

Abu Musa Jabir ibn Hayyan (Arabic: جابر بن حیان) (c.721–c.815), known also by his Latinised name Geber, was a prominent Islamic alchemist, pharmacist, philosopher, astronomer, and physicist. He has also been referred to as "the father of Arab chemistry" by Europeans. His ethnic background is not clear; although most sources state he was an Arab, others describe him as Persian. Ibn Hayyan is widely credited with the introduction of the experimental method into alchemy, and with the invention of numerous important processes still used in modern chemistry today, such as the syntheses of hydrochloric and nitric acids, distillation, and crystallisation.

Robert Boyle (January 25, 1627 – December 30, 1691) was an Irish natural philosopher, chemist, physicist, inventor and early gentleman scientist, noted for his work in physics and chemistry. Although his research and personal philosophy clearly has its roots in the alchemical tradition, he is largely regarded today as the first modern chemist. Among his works, The Sceptical Chymist is seen as a cornerstone book in the field of chemistry.

Edme Mariotte

(Dijon, France, 1620-Paris, 1684) French Phisic. Prior father from Saint-Martin-sous-Beaune monasthery, founder member in 1666 from the Scientific Academy in Paris.

John Dalton (September 6, 1766 – July 27, 1844) was an English chemist and physicist, born at Eaglesfield, near Cockermouth in Cumberland.

Lorenzo Romano Amedeo Carlo Avogadro, Count of Quaregna and Cerreto (August 9, 1776–July 9, 1856) was an Italian chemist, most noted for his contributions to the theory of molarity and molecular weight.