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The club distances itself from any activities the Service Crew are involved in. During the height of the hooliganism, the Service Crew become one of the most notorious firms in European football, and in doing so nearly brought the club to its knees.

The first high profile incident that Leeds hooligans were involved in came on 28 May 1975 at the European Cup final against Bayern Munich at the Parc des Princes in Paris, France. When striker Peter Lorimer had a goal disallowed in a game which ended in a 2-0 defeat to the West German side, and having already seen their team have two penalty appeals rejected by French referee Michel Kitabdjian, scores of Leeds fans ripped seats from the stands and threw them onto the pitch. Some of them clashed with the French police as they invaded the pitch. As a result of this incident, Leeds were banned from European competitions for four years - although this was later reduced to two years on appeal. Due to their on-the-field decline, however, it would be another 17 years before they tasted European action again.

In the 1982–83 season, in the club's first game in the Second Division after relegation, some Leeds fans went on what was described in The Sun newspaper as "an orgy of drinking, looting and fighting" in Cleethorpes, where 600 Leeds fans had stayed the night before the match. In October, two Newcastle United players were hit by missiles at Elland Road and the FA ordered another enquiry.

On 5 May 1990, Leeds travelled to AFC Bournemouth on the South Coast for the final game of the 1989-90 Second Division season. Victory in the game would give them the Second Division title and promotion back to the top flight after eight years away. Leeds achieved this with a 1-0 win, but the success was marred by a string of vandalism on town centre pubs and shops as well as a series of battles between hooligans and police officers. 104 people were arrested and 12 police officers were injured.

Modern day crackdowns on football hooliganism and the heavy use of CCTV at grounds have, as with other firms, largely curtailed the activities of the Service Crew. While hooliganism continues at Leeds United, the nature of it has changed since the 1970s and 1980s. Improvements to security in Elland Road as with all grounds in England have led to confrontations more usually taking place away from stadiums.

On 28 April 2007, during the Championship game at Elland Road with Ipswich Town, about 200 home fans spilled on to the pitch and forced a 30-minute delay after a late Ipswich equaliser all but sealed Leeds' relegation to League One. Around 100 of them ran toward the South East stand where the away supporters were located. Eight wheelchair-using Ipswich fans suffered injuries and were trapped pitchside by the hooligans. In January 2008 thirteen Leeds United fans were handed football banning orders totalling 45 years after they pleaded guilty to affray in connection with the pitch invasion.

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Out of the terrace wars of the 1970s emerged a gang known as the Suicide Squad in a period which also saw Burnley's fall from the old Division One to Division Four and the threat of non-league football. This meant that the calculated, disciplined, organised operation that struck fear into opposing fans clashed with just about every rival mob in the country and became world renowned as one of the fiercest and most dangerous in Britain.

Although partially disbanded a new, more menacing group began to emerge. This group, considerably younger, named themselves the Burnley Youth. They would associated with the older Hooligan group known as the Suicide Squad, but refused to abide by the rules of the game. This group were more determined and less affected by the Police tactics, than their older colleagues. The Police began to receive intelligence reports from members of the Suicide Squad who were genuinely concerned that their younger brethren were "out of control" and were travelling to away matches with weapons. The level of violence and the circumstances surrounding these incidents strongly supported these concerns.

In November 2002, Burnley police and the football club jointly established Operation Fixture, a scheme aimed at tackling football hooliganism in and around the club's stadium, Turf Moor with more bans, more arrests and quicker convictions. The scheme also aimed to target racists, with the example of a Burnley fan having given a Nazi salute during a Worthington Cup match against Tottenham Hotspur F.C..

On 7 December 2002 a 17 year old Nottingham Forest F.C. fan was killed when Burnley fans attacked Nottingham Forest fans in Burnley town centre. Two days later a 19 year old Burnley fan, Andrew McNee, a member of the so called Suicide Youth Squad was arrested and charged with murder. In July 2003, McNee was sentenced to seven years in youth custody after he pleaded guilty to manslaughter. He was also banned from football matches for ten years. When passing sentence, the trial judge commented that the attack had happened, "for absolutely no reason, other than he supported a different football team and had the temerity to visit a public house the defendant and others believed he should have kept away from"; adding that football hooliganism was a "scourge on the sport" and said the courts should make it clear that anyone involved in violence would face harsh sentences. McNee was released from prison in 2006. Within weeks though he was fined £200 after pleading guilty to breaching his ten year football banning order. On 22 July 2006 police caught him outside Turf Moor when Burnley were playing Bolton Wanderers F.C., Burnleys first home game since McNee had been released from prison.

In July 2007, one of the founding members of the Suicide Squad, Andrew Porter, who wrote a book about his exploits with the firm was coming to the end of a three year ban from attending both England and domestic matches. However, Burnley police applied for a fresh banning order with the start of the new season only weeks away under Operation Fixture which had been introduced in 2002.

In May 2009, another founder member of the Suicide Squad, Philip Holmes, was banned for a further three years from English & Welsh football grounds. The ban follows a steady stream of incidents since Holmes' original ban expired in February 2007, including being the central figure in games against Stoke City & Sheffield United in the 2008-9 season..

The Suicide Squad featured in the television documentary series The Real Football Factories which was first shown on the Bravo Television channel.

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On 4 August 2001 police had to split rival Yid Army and Millwall Bushwackers on Jamaica Road, Bermondsey after what was described as a vicious fight.

In October 2003 fights broke out before and after a match with London rivals West Ham United. Fighting broke out at The Cockerel pub, Tottenham High Road which received extensive damage, with fighting breaking out throughout the day. For various reasons (fan base, directors, Alf Garnett, racism) some fans of other clubs started taunting Tottenham fans by calling them Yids which they thought was an insult. While most Tottenham supporters are not Jewish many choose to identify themselves as Yids and the term "Yid Army" derives from the Tottenham fans choosing to embrace their new nickname rather than view it as an insult.This is in keeping with the all inclusive nature of Tottenham fans, that have never discriminated in terms of making Spurs fans from all backgrounds being made to feel welcome at White Hart Lane. Such an attitude is even extended to membership of the hooligan firm. Tottenham Hotspur FC have often been credited with being the first major club where black fans felt welcome in attending matches in anything like significant numbers. Such a claim stands up to scrutiny, bearing in mind that the Tottenham area has for many years been home to a large Afro/Caribbean community.

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The Headhunters, have rivalries with counterparts who follow other London teams, such as Arsenal, Millwall, Queens Park Rangers, Tottenham Hotspur and West Ham.

There has been widespread racism amongst the gang and links to various violent organisations, such as, The Infants, Combat 18, and the National Front and to Northern Irish loyalist paramilitary organisations, such as the Ulster Defence Association and Ulster Volunteer Force.


They were infiltrated by investigative reporter Donal MacIntyre for a documentary screened on the BBC on 9 November 1999, in which MacIntyre posed as a wannabe-member of the Chelsea Headhunters. He had a Chelsea tattoo applied to himself for authenticity, although the hardcore were surprised he chose the hated "Millwall lion" badge rather than the classic 1960s upright lion one. He confirmed the racist elements in the Headhunters and their links to Combat 18, including one top-ranking member who had been imprisoned on one occasion for possession of material related to the Ku Klux Klan. The programme led to arrests and several convictions. One member of the Headhunters, Jason Marriner, who was convicted and sent to prison as a result of the show, has since written a book claiming to have been set up by MacIntyre and the BBC. He claims that footage was edited and manipulated, and 'incidents' were manufactured and they were convicted despite having no footage of them committing crimes.

Nick Love's film, The Football Factory, presented the Headhunters in a fictionalised account. The film focuses mainly on the firm's violent rivalry with the Millwall Bushwackers.

One of the most notorious members of the firm is Kevin Whitton who was sentenced to life imprisonment on 8 November 1985 for violent assault after being found guilty of involvement in an attack on a pub on Kings Road which was described as being some of the worst incidents of football hooliganism ever witnessed in England. After Chelsea lost a match, Whitton and other hooligans stormed into the pub chanting "War, war war". When they left a few minutes later the American bar manager lay close to death, with one of them shouting, "You bloody Americans. Coming here taking our jobs." Another member of the gang received a 10-year prison sentence at the same trial. In 1987, Terence Matthews (aged 25) received a four-year sentence for his role in the same attack.

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The Inter City Firm ('ICF') is an English football hooligan firm mainly active in the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s, associated with West Ham United. The name came from the use of InterCity trains for away games.

One figure associated with the ICF was Cass Pennant, who wrote on football hooliganism in the 1990s and 2000s. He is the subject of the film Cass, which was released on 1 August 2008. In Congratulations You Have Just Met the ICF, Pennant, a black Londoner, maintains that the ICF was not racist or right-wing. The ICF were the basis of Alan Clarke's 1988 film, The Firm. Gary Oldman plays Bex Bissell, the leader of the ICC - Inter City Crew. Members of the ICF were used as consultants on the film. The 2005 film Green Street was based on the ICF, but not by name. Instead, the initials GSE (Green Street Elite) were used. The main character within the film Rise of the Footsoldier (Carlton Leach) is also associated with the ICF. The ICF make an appearance in Irvine Welsh's novellas Ecstasy: Three Tales of Chemical Romance.

ICF left a card on the bodies of those they attacked reading, "Congratulations, you've just met the ICF." "Leeds United Service Crew copied this from the ICF." This became, "Congratulations you've just met the famous ICF," when they were the subject of a Thames Television documentary, Hooligan, which featured members of the ICF including Cass Pennant.

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On 22 September 2001, the 6.57 Crew fought with Coventry City fans both at the match and in Coventry city centre. Before the match hooligans from both clubs clashed in the city centre. During the match, some Portsmouth hooligans ripped up seats and threw missiles at Coventry fans. After fighting broke out in the stand, riot police were called in and restored order. Following the match, further violence broke out in Coventry again. Ninety-three people were arrested for their involvement in riots involving over 300 people before and after a match with South coast rivals Southampton F.C. on 21 March 2004. The police were attacked, shops were looted, and cars were vandalised. Of those arrested, 64 were given banning orders, and some were gaoled. One of the arrests included a ten-year-old boy who became the youngest-ever convicted football hooligan in the United Kingdom, when he was found guilty of violent disorder. In August that year, 54 Portsmouth hooligans were banned for life by club chairman Milan Mandari? for their involvement in the riots at the Southampton game.

The 6.57 Crew were featured in an episode of the Bravo documentary series Britain's Toughest Towns, which focused on Portsmouth hooligans. They have also been the subject of three books, Rolling with the 6.57 Crew, Playing Up with Pompey: The Story of the Portsmouth 6.57 Crew and 6.57 The Story of Pompey's Hooligan Crew.

In May 2006, 130 Portsmouth hooligans had to give up their passports so they could not travel to the 2006 World Cup in Germany because of their convictions for football-related crime.

A Home Office report in October 2007 listed all football banning orders by club. Statistics showed that Portsmouth had 95 banning orders in place against who are termed "risk supporters", the most in the Premier League. However, there had been just one banning order, the second lowest in the Premier League, between 10 October 2006 and the date of the report, 9 August, 2007.

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Note: Killed <a href="http://fumbbl.com/FUMBBL.php?page=player&player_id=7726558">Brian Vilespike</a> with a stamp to the head.

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Section five are mainly located in the 'Smethwick End' stand. They are known for their involvement in violent clashes with supporters of rival teams, especially with local clubs Wolverhampton Wanderers, Birmingham City and above all Aston Villa. A history of trouble has also existed with Walsall, Cardiff City, Swansea City, Leeds United, Manchester United, Everton, Nottingham Forest, Derby County, Sheffield United, Coventry City and Stoke City.

In 2002, both West Bromwich Albion and Wolverhampton Wanderers supporters, met up in Amsterdam ahead of the England vs Holland game. Over 50 men fought in the town centre with nearly 10 serious injuries to Albion supporters.

Also in 2004, West Bromwich Albion's Section 5, met up with Cardiff City's Soul Crew in a massive brawl in Cardiff. As the Section 5 was getting an escort to the ground, several men broke through the police line and charged at the Soul Crew.

On 22 August 2004 up to 80 West Brom and Aston Villa fans fought a pitched battle, with some using baseball bats, wooden posts, bricks, glasses and iron bars, at the Uplands pub in Handsworth after a game against Aston Villa.


Eight people were injured. The organised fight led to the conviction of 60 hooligans (23 from West Brom and 37 from Aston Villa) at Birmingham Crown Court on 5 December 2006. 58 received football banning orders, with prison sentences of up to 21 months.

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The original firm associated with Millwall was known as F-Troop.

The hooligan firm still exists today. However, the firm is not as large as it was at its height in the 1980s. This is due in part to ex-Millwall chairman Theo Paphitis' introduction of a membership scheme following the events outside The New Den on the evening of the Birmingham City play off semi-final in May 2002. Sergeant Russell Lamb of the Metropolitan Police Service, a veteran of the May Day and Poll Tax riots, described this as the worst violence he had ever experienced.

In January 1988, when Millwall were knocked out of the FA Cup by Arsenal in a third round match at Highbury, 41 Millwall hooligans were arrested for disturbances at the game.

In August 1993, Millwall relocated to the New Den and ended that season third in Division One, entering the playoffs to try and win a place in the FA Premier League. However, they were eliminated in the playoff semi-finals by Derby County, and the game at the New Den had to be halted twice due to pitch invasions by Millwall hooligans. There was also widespread fighting in the stands.

In May 2002, after the Division One playoffs brought another semi-final exit for Millwall, 50 police officers were injured when Millwall hooligans attacked them with missiles in the stadium and in the streets surrounding it.

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